2021考研英语翻译模拟训练题(9)

考研英语中的汉译英题型，主要考查考生准确理解概念或结构较复杂的英语文字材料的能力。要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个画线部分(约150词)译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。5个小题，每题2分，共10分。要求译文准确、完整、通顺。准确是前提，是最基本的翻译标准。

准确指的是译文必须正确地传达原文的内容。译者必须把原作的内容完整而准确地表达出来，不得有任何篡改、歪曲、遗漏或增删的现象。完整是考研翻译的一个比较特殊的翻译标准。就是说，翻译出来的每一句话，应该是一句完整的汉语句子，而不是叙述不清、意义不全的句子。为帮助大家更好的备考这类翻译题型，小编为大家分享一些考研英语翻译习题，一起来练习下吧。

(46) A hundred years ago, when sport was confined largely to games played in the backyard or on the farm, one could hardly have imagined the attention that it has come to receive in the twentieth century. Today, the importance of sport in society is clearly demonstrated by the fact that even the CBS news can be preempted for the final of a tennis match. A survey conducted in the late 1980s revealed that fully 81 percent of all adults follow some organized sport, mostly on television. And the phenomenon of weekend “sports widows” — women abandoned by their husbands for weekend sports on television — is entering its third generation.

Sport is defined sociologically as competitive physical activity that is performed under established rules. Like all social institutions, sport serves numerous functions. First, it provides society with a vast array of leisure-time activities for all segments of the population. (47) Although it is an overstatement to say that modern society is a leisure society, there has been a significant increase in the amount of nonwork time that most people have available. Furthermore, recreational activity has become increasingly necessary in a society in which the vast majority of jobs provide little or no physical activity. Second, sport provides an outlet for energies that, if not diverted, could cause serious strain on the social order. (48) For both fan and participant, sport permits the expression of emotions (such as anger and frustration) in ways that are acceptable to, even encouraged by, society. Finally, sport provides society with role models. Athletes at all levels, but especially famous athletes, provide examples of conduct and employment of skills that others can emulate.

Although sports promote many positive aspects of a society, conflict theorists are quick to point out that they also reflect society’s inequalities. Like most other social institutions, sports are characterized by inequalities of class, race and gender. For example, certain sports — such as boxing, which is often associated with urban poverty — are distinctly lower class in origin and participation. (49) In general, members of the lower and working classes have tended to participate in sports like baseball and basketball: games that require little more than a field, a ball, and some players.

Although sport is sometimes considered exempt from racial inequality, sociological evidence has shown this not to be the case. (50) Although it is true that nonwhites in American society have enjoyed greater opportunities for high incomes in professional sports than in other occupations, it is also true that virtually all managers and owners of sports team are white. There are few nonwhite sportscasters, administrators, umpires, or referees. Furthermore, nonwhites are all but absent (even as players) from all professional sports except baseball, basketball, boxing and football.

参考译文：

46. 100 年前，运动仅仅限于那些在后院或者农场中举行的活动，那时恐怕没有人会想到它在 20 世纪的今天所受到的关注程度。

47. 虽然说现代社会是一个休闲社会有些言过其实，但是大多数人的确比以前拥有了